奥拉帕尼 (OLATECH)150mg

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 1. Composition:

The main active ingredient in Olaparib is Olaparib itself, which works by inhibiting PARP (Poly ADP-ribose polymerase), thus blocking the cancer cells' ability to repair DNA, leading to their death.

 

2. Indications:

Olaparib is mainly used to treat cancers with BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations, including:

- Ovarian cancer: Particularly recurrent ovarian cancer.

- Breast cancer: Specifically for cancers with confirmed BRCA mutations that have spread or are at an advanced stage.

- Pancreatic cancer: Olaparib can be used as maintenance therapy for patients with advanced pancreatic cancer who have BRCA mutations.

- Prostate cancer: Used for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer with BRCA1/2 or other DNA repair gene mutations.

Olaparib selectively targets the DNA repair mechanisms of cancer cells, inhibiting their growth while having a relatively smaller effect on normal cells, thus reducing side effects.

 

3. Usage Instructions:

Olaparib is usually taken orally in the form of capsules or tablets. The usage instructions are as follows:

- The recommended dose is typically 300 mg (two 150 mg tablets) taken twice daily.

- It can be taken before or after meals, but it is advisable to take it at the same time each day.

- The doctor may adjust the dosage based on the patient's specific condition, especially if the patient has impaired kidney function or other health issues.

 

4. Research & Development History:

Olaparib was developed by AstraZeneca and first received approval from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 2014 for the treatment of BRCA-mutated ovarian cancer. In the following years, its indications expanded to include the treatment of breast cancer, pancreatic cancer, and prostate cancer.

The development of Olaparib is based on the concept of PARP inhibitors, where cancer cells with defective DNA repair mechanisms rely on PARP proteins to repair DNA damage. Olaparib inhibits this protein, preventing cancer cells from repairing damage, thus accelerating their death.

 

5. Pharmacological Mechanism:

Olaparib works by inhibiting the activity of PARP1 and PARP2 enzymes, blocking cancer cells' ability to repair single-strand breaks (SSB) in DNA. This mechanism is especially critical in cancer cells with BRCA mutations, as BRCA mutations affect the cells' ability to repair double-strand breaks (DSB). Olaparib disables these repair mechanisms, leading to the accumulation of DNA damage, ultimately causing cancer cell death.

 

6. Summary:

As a PARP inhibitor, Olaparib is an effective targeted anticancer drug, particularly for patients with BRCA gene mutations. It interferes with cancer cells' DNA repair process, halting their growth and eventually causing their death. While its side effects are relatively mild, they may still include **nausea, fatigue, anemia, and bone marrow suppression**, so it should be used under a doctor's guidance.